Technical Assistance Center for Water Quality

Technical Assistance Center for
Water Quality

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Technical Assistance Center Progress Reports:
Year 1 - 3rd Qtr. (Jan-Mar 1999)

Technical Assistance Center
at Western Kentucky University
for Small Rural Water Companies

Director: Dr. Ed Houston
(502) 780-2513
http://water.wku.edu

Grant Number X826659-01-0

Third Quarterly Report
January 1, 1999 - March 31, 1999

Submitted to
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water
23 April 1999

Introduction

Western Kentucky University has been awarded a grant by the Environmental Protection Agency (#X826659-01-0) to establish a small public water system Technical Assistance Center (the Center). One of the major aspects of this program will be to address the issue of capacity development. The capacity development framework offers a forum within which this Center is working with state regulatory agencies and small water systems to assist them in acquiring and maintaining technical, financial and managerial capacity needed to provide safe drinking water and achieve the public health protection goals of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Act.

Western Kentucky University has developed this Center with long range goals, and a "regional" focus. The work plan for this Center is organized into tasks to be accomplished during the first year of a five-year program. These tasks are distinct in nature, but mutually supportive. Task 1 addresses training in managerial and financial capacity development; Task 2 provides technical capacity development in a "circuit rider" approach; Task 3 conducts field studies and analyses methods of source water protection; Task 4 establishes a data base management system to receive, organize, integrate and distribute project information; and Task 5 establishes a forum to identify and help evaluate innovative and alternative technologies applications that can assist small system operators in the delivery of safe drinking water to their customers.

This third quarter report is organized around the progress made in the aforementioned task areas. The activities during this quarter have been a continuation of the data collection and baselines established in the first and second quarters in developing training courses, technical assistance, evaluation of sites used for sources of drinking water, and identification of innovative methodologies that can provide help to small systems operators. A list of ten sites has been selected for sampling in the source water protection program along with parameters to be studied. This list was determined after meetings with governmental and stakeholder organizations, and in conference with Kentucky Division of Water officials. Progress continues in establishing a database management system in order to collect necessary regulatory information, catalog progress made on the studies in this program and packaging this information in a suitable fashion to share with small systems operators as well as stakeholders and regulatory offices. An internet reading room has been added to our web site, a utility has been incorporated to allow communications by small systems without email, and data tools (spreadsheets, monthly operating reports) are being added to our system. Each of the areas (administration, 5 tasks) are discussed below in terms of progress, data (information), future activities, and expenditures.

Administration

Costs invoiced during the third quarter represent salary and fringe benefits for the Director. Costs of additional administrative personnel and necessary activities to organize efforts in and among all five tasks, develop a cost accounting system and chart of accounts, and interact with officials in the Kentucky Division of Water, the Kentucky Infrastructure Authority and the Kentucky Rural Water Association to assure that task activity was in concert with the water quality objectives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The Director also met with and gave guidance to the Task Managers in order that our activities were in accordance with the grant technical proposal and milestone schedules.

A. Anticipated Activities:

On the 26th of January 1999, the Director, Mr. Gary Larimore (KRWA) and Mr. Brents Dickenson (WKU consultant) met with Mr. Daniel O'Lone (Environmental Engineer for US EPA Region 4) to discuss ways in which the Technical Assistance Center at WKU could share information and progress with other states in this region. It was decided that a forum be organized in which WKU/KRWA would brief water administrators and contractors/grantees involved with water quality and distribution on our program and activities, and explore ways in which needs could be determined and assistance could be provided. These meetings will be held in Atlanta, Georgia on the 28th of April and in Dallas, Texas on 11-13 May at the US EPA Regions IV and VI Capacity Development Conference. The Director briefed state-wide rural water company officials on the WKU Technical Assistance Center for Water Quality activities on 15 April 1999. Among other topics discussed was the mechanism for contacting this Center.

B. Expenditures:

Administrative expenditures borne by the grant in the third quarter totaled $11,888.74. Total expenditures to date are $34,726.61. WKU has also contributed $11.898.95 in cost sharing toward the tasks listed below. The budget status of all tasks is depicted in Appendix A.

Task 1: Utility Management Institute (UMI)

This task title has been changed from Small Water and Wastewater System Institute for Management to the Utility Management Institute for several reasons: (1) the goal is to train and eventually "certify" utility managers, (2) to coincide with WKU's long term goal of developing and offering an Associate Degree in Utility Management, and (3) for simplicity. All other aspects of this task remain the same.

I. Work Status:

The goal of the UMI is to develop and deliver a series of courses to be included in the Certified Water System Manager program available to system managers, operators, and office managers of water systems serving rural areas and small municipalities with populations under 10,000.

A. Work Progress. The bulk of activity related to the Utility Management Institute (UMI) during this quarter was spent in researching and developing the first year’s introductory course with the assistance of Western Kentucky University’s (WKU) Center for Math, Science, and Environmental Education. The introductory course will consist of three days of classroom activity concentrating on subjects such as the history of drinking water, drinking water regulation, financial management, personnel management, and customer relations.

The Utility Management Institute, as part of the WKU Technology Assistance Center, will be introduced at Kentucky Rural Water Association’s Management Conference in Bowling Green, KY on April 15, 1999. A sample of the coursework will be presented at the conference and utility managers from across the state will be invited to participate in additional course testing which will be conducted during the summer of 1999.

B. Difficulties Encountered. No unanticipated difficulties were encountered.

C. Preliminary Data Results. The framework and course content have been established for the introductory course (see Work Progress above).

D. Anticipated Activities. The introductory course will continue in its development stage with the participation of the WKU Center for Math, Science, and Environmental Education.

II. Discussion of Expenditures:

Expenditures for the third quarter totaled $10,475.16. Expenditures to date are $19,860.99.

III. Key Personnel Changes:

There were no personnel changes.

Task 2: Circuit Rider Program

I. Work Status

The "Circuit Rider" approach to providing a combination of on-site technical assistance and training is nationally recognized as the most effective method of assisting small public water systems to comply with state and federal environmental regulations. The Circuit Rider program offers a focused approach that serves to complement and enhance current training and technical assistance efforts offered by state rural water associations, state primacy agencies, and other organizations. This multi-faceted program will provide new opportunities for reaching out to non-community/non-transient public water systems--the systems that need the most help in reaching compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act because of their lack of size, inadequate organizational structure, and lack of sophistication. It is the intention of the Circuit Rider program to work in partnership with Kentucky Division of Water (DOW) to target the public water systems serving populations under 3,300, with particular emphasis on systems serving less than 500 people, that are experiencing profound difficulties in complying with SDWA provisions.

A. Work Progress. During the third quarter the Circuit Rider made 112 technical assistance visits to non-community and community water systems. Additionally, over 150 introductory letters were sent to small systems that are eligible for the services of the WKU Small System Circuit Rider. A total of 63 systems were either contacted in person or on the telephone regarding the requirements related to groundwater under the influence determinations contained under the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). Also during the quarter, 31 on-site visits were made concerning assistance with the Consumer Confidence Report.

A training course was presented to eleven operators/maintenance personnel who work for the Perry and Letcher County school systems on March 16-17, 1999 in Hazard, KY. This training was approved by the state for certification continuing education credits and dealt with subjects such as groundwater protection, disinfection practices, monitoring and testing, sampling techniques, and monitoring and reporting requirements.

Significant contacts were made during the quarter with small systems that have had recent turnover in their operational personnel. The Circuit Rider has been working closely with the Lynnville Water System and the City of LaCenter to ensure that the new personnel are aware of their regulatory responsibilities and to offer advice and assistance on the general operation and management of water systems.

B. Difficulties Encountered. No unanticipated difficulties were encountered.

C. Preliminary Data Results. See Work Progress above.

D. Anticipated Activities. During the next quarter, the WKU Small System Circuit Rider will continue to assist systems with Consumer Confidence reporting and other regulatory issues. An increasing amount of the Circuit Rider’s time is expected to be spent with systems that have made specific requests for assistance through the KRWA office. Many of these requests have resulted from on-site visits and correspondence sent to eligible systems since the program’s start in September 1998.

II. Discussion of Expenditures

Expenditures for the third quarter totaled $14,845.89. Expenditures to date are $23,322.55.

III. Key Personnel Changes

There were no personnel changes.

Task 3: Source Water Protection Initiative

I. Work Status

The original, major goal of Task 3 in the first year is to identify / to develop / to begin monitoring programs in 10 suitable watershed areas within Kentucky. We have now decided to expand the list to 17 sites, as discussed below. This monitoring will provide baseline water quality data with a long term goal of developing effective methods for the protection of source water quality in the various geologic/hydrologic conditions within the state.

Based on a number of meetings and discussion that we have had with stakeholders within Kentucky over the first several months of the program, including representatives of state government (particularly the Kentucky Division of Water, DOW), federal government, and citizen’s groups, we have identified the most serious concerns. Based on this information, we have developed a tentative list of sites that will be finalized over the next quarter (Table 1). We are now negotiating agreements with the appropriate stakeholders. The issues that we have chosen to focus upon include: 1) bacteria, 2) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) / trihalomethanes (THM), 3) turbidity, and 4) mechanisms associated with contaminant transport within karst aquifers. We are investigating amelioration of these problems in source water by a combination of BMP implementation and development of site specific models that may suggest sampling strategies for water suppliers based on temporal variations on the contaminant loadings at the sites. In order to get sufficient data for temporal modeling of dissolved organic carbon loadings (the source of THM’s), we have expanded the total number of monitoring sites to 17 (Table 1), with 5 karst sites and 12 non-karst sites. One of the karst sites is yet to be selected from a potential list of an additional eight that are under consideration, and final selection of several of the sites is contingent upon ongoing development of cooperative agreements.

Table 1. Tentative list of sites to be included in the source water protection program sampling program.

Kentucky River (RM 0-125)

Location	Type of site	Problems to be investigated
Herndon	Surface, Lake	DOC/THM
Spa	Surface, Lake	DOC/THM
Taylorsville	Surface, Lake	DOC/THM
Herrington	Surface, Lake	DOC/THM
Green River Reservoir	Surface, Lake	DOC/THM
Logsdon River	Groundwater, karst	Bacteria, turbidity, karst transport mechanisms
Diamond Caverns Campground	Groundwater, karst	Bacteria, turbidity, karst transport mechanisms
Auburn City Spring	Groundwater, karst	Bacteria, turbidity, karst transport mechanisms
Trenton	Groundwater, karst	Bacteria, turbidity, karst transport mechanisms
Salt River (RM 0-120)	Surface, river	DOC/THM, bacteria
Green River (RM 0-50)	Surface, river	DOC/THM, bacteria
Surface, river	DOC/THM, bacteria
Ohio springs	Groundwater, non-karst	DOC/THM
Licking springs	Groundwater, non-karst	DOC/THM
Montgomery springs	Groundwater, non-karst	DOC/THM
Breckenridge springs	Groundwater, non-karst	DOC/THM

Several other aspects of the task are underway.

- In further discussions with Division of Water, we have identified problems reported in the Ohio River basin by the Cincinnati Waterworks and the University of Cincinnati with noxious algal blooms on the Ohio River and perhaps some tributaries. These blooms have become more pronounced over the past 2 years and will pose a significant cost to small water supplies if this trend continues. We suggested that this may be an area for future study, and the DOW made some suggestions for areas where we could concentrate our efforts. We have developed, and will be submitting, an algal assessment and monitoring proposal for implementation in Year 3.

Primarily with existing equipment within the Department of Geography and Geology, but with the purchase of certain software and hardware items under the grant, we have continued development of, and training within, the Geographic Information System (GIS) facility which will be the primary spatial data keeping tools for the drainage areas associated with the sampling program of Task III. GIS coverage will be developed with ESRI ArcView software, augmented by ESRI ArcInfo, where particular analyses require its use. Students are also being trained on the use of this equipment and software (facility development, 90% complete, training 50% complete).
We have continued library research into the current understanding of establishment of water storage, contaminant transport mechanisms, and emergency procedures for spills associated with karst terrains/aquifers, which will influence a significant component of our BMP evaluation program (50% complete).
We have identified and have begun ordering equipment for the sampling program. This so far have included sets of field and laboratory sampling and analysis equipment for the sampling teams, a computer for the GIS and water quality data analysis, and photographic equipment for docmentation of fieldwork and sites, as well as for GIS work. Additional equipment choices will have to wait until specific selection of the sampling sites (85% complete).

B. Difficulties Encountered. There are none to report. The preparation for the Task III sampling program has gone smoothly and we have received excellent cooperation from the individuals and agencies with which we have had contact.

C. Preliminary Data Results. We have no specific water quality data to report so far, although we report here the tentative list of the sites that will be monitored in the source water protection program.

D. Anticipated Activities. We expect that the next quarter’s focus will be to finalize selection and agreements with potential stakeholders, to finalize the selection of sampling parameters and protocols, and to install appropriate equipment. We also expect to continue research into the special problems of water storage, contaminant transport mechanisms, and emergency procedures for spills associated with karst terrains/aquifers. Specifically, we plan to have the final selections, cooperative agreements, and equipment to be in place by the third quarter, and sampling to begin early in the fourth quarter.

II. Discussion of Expenditures

We are approximately on schedule. In combined equipment and personnel costs, we have expended (or encumbered) $11,738.43 during the third quarter. Total expenditures are $34,967.41 or cumulatively about 35% of our budget to date. Many of the expenditures associated with this task will come in the last quarter of the project’s first year, because 1) not all of the personnel and consultants have had to be involved so much in the development of the water stakeholder information network, which has been an important focus so far, and 2) a large part of the Task 3 budget is for water quality laboratory work, and as we have not begun sampling yet, this money has not been used. All technical and managerial personnel on the task, as well as the students, will be active for the remainder of the year. There are no discrepancies to report.

III. Key Personnel Changes

There are no personnel changes to report.

Task 4: Database Management

I. Work Status

The primary objective of Task 4, Development of a Database Management System (DBMS), is to provide appropriate methods and structures for reporting data and metadata to meet the needs of: (1) facilitating efficient and convenient reporting of information by all other Tasks, (2) appropriate capture and storage of all data and metadata by the DBMS, and (3) accessible retrieval of information and materials by end users along with ancillary information required for interpretation. The DBMS serves as the primary nexus where integration, exchange, synthesis, and end-user retrieval of information from the other Tasks take place. The function of the DBMS has been structured to specifically provide for interaction with the other Tasks in order to facilitate all aspects of data reporting, data storage, and information retrieval, while fostering the functional operation of the DBMS as an integrated whole.

A. Work progress

This Task's progress continues to keep pace with or stay ahead of our goals within the project. Much of our effort was focused on additional website development as an important tool for communication, conveying information, and publicizing the services of the Technical Assistance Center. DBMS coordination with the activities of the other Tasks in the project also continued during this third quarter.

Expansion of communication and internet tools. We have added an internet reading room to our website (http://water.wku.edu/info/readingroom/index.html). This reading room could be extremely useful for making public documents available to water providers and other stakeholders. Converting documents to image and html format is labor-intensive, however, and we will have to prioritize further development of this facet of the website in the context of other essential efforts of this Task.

One new innovative communication tool has been implemented in our website: a utility that allows even users without email addresses to send email to the Technical Assistance Center (viewable from http://water.wku.edu/help.html). This original utility is the result of innovative programming by Mr. Maxx Lobo, an undergraduate student who is working with us. With the implementation of this capability, even persons using public-access computers, such as those in libraries and schools, will be able to send requests for assistance or information to the TAC with dependable regularity.

Expansion of data tools for water systems. We are beginning to attempt modification of a spreadsheet, originally developed by Mr. Dell Harris and co-workers, now of the KRWA, for use by small operating systems to record and submit their Monthly Operating Reports to the Kentucky Division of Water. We envision making this spreadsheet a stand-alone software program that can operate without other pre-installed spreadsheet programs. Assuming we are able to accomplish this, we propose expanding our services in the future years of EPA funding to do the same with the Monthly Operating Report requirements for small water systems in other states.

B. Difficulties encountered. No significant or unexpected difficulties have been encountered during this quarter.

C. Preliminary data results. During this past quarter, we were able to document through computer logs some of the traffic flowing through our internet site. A summary of some of this information is presented in table 2.

Table 2. Website Visitor Statistics Report: Partial Log of Internet Traffic at the Website for the Technical Assistance Center for Water Quality, WKU.

Time Period [Days]	1-3-99 to 1-29-99 [23 days]	2-1-99 to 2-27-99 [25 days]	3-1-99 to 3-15-99 [14 days]
Unique Visitors	42	73	15
Total Webpage Hits	4170	9012	2574
Most Popular Day	1-26 (1376 hits)	2-23 (2277 hits)	3-9 (384 hits)
Avg Webpage Views/Day	181	360	183

Geographic analysis of problems and trends in water quality and water quality violations is potentially a very powerful problem-solving tool. Because it encourages multiple perspectives of a problem, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis can be very useful in identifying and evaluating non-obvious factors. In future years of funding, the DBMS should be able to take advantage of the detailed GIS data layers that will become available through state and federal source water planning and protection programs and requirements. With the ability to access and manipulate the rich lode of data and GIS layers becoming available, the information can be used to detect land use trends, identify problems, and most importantly, target solutions to those problems. This is a case where evaluation of data trends and careful attention to patterning can reap substantial rewards in the effort to create efficient, prioritized solutions.

As an initial evaluation of the power of large-scale geographic analysis as applied to water quality problems, Dr. Ouida Meier gathered several publicly available web-published data sources and plotted state-reported Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) violations of water systems for the year 1996 (the most recent year published by the state Division of Water on its website) on a county-by-county basis. Following are four examples of important patterns in drinking water quality violations thereby detected in Kentucky. One of the maps built to examine some of these questions can be viewed on our web site at http://water.wku.edu/maps/county/index.html (included here as Figure 1).

Figure 1. Drinking Water Quality Violations in Kentucky, by County, 1996.

(posted at http://water.wku.edu/maps/county/index.html)

1) Heavy metals contamination in drinking water showed a strong geographic trend, all located in the mountainous region of far eastern Kentucky. These water providers relied on groundwater, while non-violating systems in the same region relied on surface water. It appears that the groundwater wells in this coal-mining region, either by natural or anthropogenic means or some combination, are especially prone to solubilizing elements such as arsenic, thallium, cadmium, antimony, barium, and beryllium. The systems with heavy metals contamination violations included a large proportion of day care centers, elementary schools, high schools, and nursing homes - especially vulnerable populations.

2) Trihalomethane violations were notable for their lack of geographic pattern. Upon closer examination, almost all trihalomethane violations occurred in water systems whose water source was "purchased surface water." This suggests that disinfectant by-products are a greater problem for water distribution systems that purchase surface water and, presumably, boost the chlorine content before distribution. It may be that the total number of MCL violations of this disinfectant by-product would be greatly reduced if this particular class of water systems took care to implement pre-chlorination ultrafiltration or similar treatment when appropriate.

3) Turbidity and fecal coliform violations appeared to occur most often in the outer reaches and upper elevations of watersheds. While this makes sense, one might have predicted instead that the higher-order river sections downstream would have had more of these problems. It may be that low water flow, or seasonally variable water flow, in these upper river systems and concomitantly poor dilution of sewage output are responsible to a significant degree for these turbidity and coliform problems. Water systems in these areas will be especially prone to these problems during drought periods, and may need to take special care in preparing action plans for such emergencies.

4) Demographic characteristics of the nine Kentucky counties with two or more water systems in MCL violation in 1996 were examined using information from the U.S. Census Bureau. These counties with more widespread drinking water quality problems fell into three distinct clusters according to four factors that appeared to show correlation: percent high school graduates, percent of land in farms, total resident population, and percent of births to mothers under 20 years of age. The mean of these values is shown in table 3.

Table 3. Demographic characteristics of nine counties with more than one water system in MCL violation, 1996 - by cluster group.

County cluster	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3
(number of counties in group)	(3 counties)	(4 counties)	(2 counties)
Demographic characteristic:
Percent high school graduates	47.6	56.4	74.3
Percent of land in farms	2%	79.5%	58%
Total resident population 1995	31,493	18,167	67,881
Percent births, mothers under 20	26.5	16.7	12.6

Certainly correlation is not causation, but understanding the demographics and social structure of regional populations helps in focusing the kind of assistance one can successfully offer. For example, enlisting the support of local officials, such as mayors and judge-executives, in improving local water systems may be much more important in some regions than others. Probably the most important point illustrated by this clustering is that widespread violations are occurring within multiple specific demographic character sets, land use types, and population sizes - not just one.

The implications of all of these geographic patterns have consequences that reach beyond Kentucky. Analyses of broad-scale data and geographic patterns can help in targeting regions that need specific kinds of help, and tailoring the kind of help offered to the needs of the community. The ability to further associate these kinds of patterns with surface water maps and groundwater movement information would be very powerful indeed, especially as the Technical Assistance Center expands to serve other states in the southeastern U.S. We hope to increase our use of GIS and produce more of these kinds of analyses: active conversion of "data" into succinct, comprehensible "information" is one of the services that the DBMS is capable of performing and may prove to be one of its most valuable contributions.

D. Anticipated activities. Efforts will continue in the development of the structure of the database itself, and working with the other Tasks to construct fields and tables that will capture all pertinent project data. We also plan to increase our publicizing of the availability of the Center's services to small rural water systems and appropriate local officials. Web site development is and will continue to be an ongoing effort as we strive to maximize its accessibility and utility for all users. Recent sources of guidance and interpretation for state and federal regulations have been found, and we hope to add these either as internet links or as whole documents to include in our new internet "Reading Room." We will continue to work on construction of data tools for small water systems.

Public events at which the Information and Database services of the Technical Assistance Center for Water Quality will be specifically showcased through presentations include the Kentucky Rural Water Association's Management Conference, 14-15 April 1999, and the Annual Conference of the Kentucky Waterways Alliance, 14-15 May 1999.

II. Discussion of Expenditures

Task 4 efforts and expenditures are on track. During the third quarter, Task 4 expended $18,706.74. Total expenditures to data are $60,600.63.

III. Key Personnel Changes

There have been no changes in key personnel within Task 4 during this quarter.

Task 5: Innovative Technologies

I. Work Status

The objective of Task 5 is to encourage pilot projects that demonstrate the benefits and effectiveness of innovative and emerging technologies in the drinking water industry. Water related commercial concerns and small water systems are contacted and asked to participate in pilot projects. The primary objective for the pilot projects is to identify technologies that lead to improvements in the capacity development of small public water systems, and their ability to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Work progress. Discussions are still in progress with Kruger, Inc. to locate the Actiflo system at Hartford and Greensburg, Kentucky and other locations in EPA Region 4. Kruger, KRWA, and WKU are seeking sources of revenue to help fray the cost of these pilots. NSF is one source being pursued. In order to aquaint managers and operators with the Actiflo process, representatives of Kruger have been invited to the KRWA meetings in western Kentucky and Lexington, Kentucky to present their Actiflo process.

The Ultrafiltration pilot study for Oak Grove, Kentucky mentioned in the last quarterly report is on hold while Oak Grove and Hopkinsville, Kentucky negotiate a water purchase agreement. The Duck River Utility Commission that serves Manchaster and Tullahoma, Tennessee is conducting a dual pilot utilizing the Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration systems. A representative of WKU visited the Duck River pilot study. After several weeks of adjustments both systems are operating as intended. The source of water for this plant is an impounded reservoir. The Ultrafiltration system, located at the plant, takes raw water at the rapid mix. The only pretreatment is chlorine dioxide. The Microfiltration pilot is located at the intake because it does not do well with the addition of chlorine dioxide. The Ultrafiltration system (pore size - .01 micron) measured particle size is zero (0). Nothing passes through unless it is desolved in the water. The microfiltration system (pore size – 1.0 micron) measured particle size was 1.0 micron. Membrane filtration will someday replace the rapid sand filter as the treatment of choice since it removes Cryptosporidium and insures compliance with the many requirements of the SDWA.

Difficulties encountered. The only difficulty has been to find ways to finance the pilot studies. WKU and KRWA are working with Kruger to obtain funding from NSF.
Preliminary data results. Data on the Membrane filtration studies at Duck River is being collected by a student at Tennessee Tech and will soon be available. A copy should be available before the next quarter and will be included in that report.
Anticipated activities. Attend the AWWA annual meeting in Chicago and meet with and talk with companies that have developed innovative technologies, and encourage their participation in pilot studies in EPA’s Region 4. Gather information at this meeting and present information of innovative technology on the Internet.

II. Discussion of Expenditures

During the third quarter, expenditures were $1,578.84. Expenditures to date are $3,887.13.

III. Key Personnel Changes

There have been no changes in key personnel connected with Task 5.