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The research article “A Comprehensive Review of Membrane Design and Synthesis for Membrane Distillation” was published in Elsevier’s Desalination (Volume 518, December 15, 2021, 115168).
Summary
Water scarcity is a big challenge that requires continued exploration of new desalination technologies in order to increase the global supply of fresh water. In this context, membrane distillation (DM) is a promising technology that works on the basis of a thermal gradient to transfer vapor molecules through a porous hydrophobic membrane. The lack of suitable membranes is one of the main challenges hindering the commercialization of the MD process. As a result, MD membranes have attracted unprecedented research attention over the decades and significant advancements have been observed in the design and manufacture of suitable MD membranes. This review represents a timely overview of the desired characteristics of the MD membranes that have been developed. The state of the art of various developments and recent trends in MD membrane research were discussed in depth. An up-to-date review of polymeric, inorganic, electrospun, double-layer, triple-layer and modified MD membranes is provided. Finally, the research gaps, the challenges encountered and the future directions of the research are highlighted.
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